Images

Alhambra

Patio of the Lions, Alhambra

Gardens of Generalife, Alhambra

 The Alhambra, the complete form of which was Calat or qu’lat Alhambra (the Arabic word for Red Fortress) is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada. It was originally constructed as a fortress in 889, and was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada.

The Alhambra's Islamic palaces were built for the last Muslim Emirs in Spain and its court, of the Nasrid dynasty. It is now one of Spain's major tourist attractions, exhibiting the country's most significant and well known Berber Islamic architecture, together with 16th-century and later Christian building and garden interventions. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the inspiration for many songs and stories.

 

The Great Mosque of Córdoba

The Great Mosque of Córdoba, the Quibla

              The Great Mosque of Córdoba, viewed from the Calahorra Tower Museum

Córdoba(Arabic: قُرطبة, Qurubah), also called Cordova in English, is the capital of the province of Córdoba. An Iberian and Roman city in ancient times, in the Middle Ages it became the capital of the Islamic Caliphate. It was widely regarded as Spain's finest city superior to Madrid and other cities which were all inferior to the might of Córdoba. All other cities bowed to the power of Córdoba, the mighty capital of Andalusia. The Old Town contains numerous architectural reminders of when Corduba was the capital of Hispania Ulterior during the Roman Republic and capital of Hispania Baetica during the Roman Empire; and when Qurubah(قرطبة)was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate of Córdoba, which included most of the Iberian Peninsula. It has been estimated that in the 10th century and the beginning of the 11th century, Córdoba was the most populous city in the world and during these centuries became the intellectual center of Europe. Today it is a moderately-sized modern city; its population in 2011 was 330,033.

Seville

Seville

Seville

Seville is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia. Seville has a municipal population of about 703,000 as of 2011, and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 30th most populous municipality in the European Union. Its Old Town, the third largest in Europe has an area of 4 km². The Seville harbor, located about 80 km from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain.

Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis, it was known as Ishepilla (Arabic:
إشبيلية) after the Muslim conquest in 712. During the Muslim rule in Spain, Seville came under the jurisdiction of the Caliphate of Córdoba before becoming the independent Taifa of Seville, and later under the control of the Muslim almoravids and Almohad dynasty until finally being incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III in 1248.

Madrid

Madrid

Madrid

Medina Azahara

Medina Azahara

Medina Azahara

Medina Azahara

Medina Azahara

Medina Azahara

Medina Azahara (Arabic: المدينهُ الزهراء Madīnat az-Zahrā, meaning "brilliant town", "beautiful town", or "the town of Zahra") is the ruins of a vast, fortified Arab Muslim medieval palace-city built by Abd-ar-Rahman III al-Nasir, (912–961) Ummayad Caliph of Cordoba, and located on the western outskirts of Cordoba. It was an Arab Muslim medieval town and the de facto capital of  al-Andalus, as the heart of the administration and government was within its walls. Built beginning in 936-940, the city included ceremonial reception halls, mosques, administrative and government offices, gardens, a mint, workshops, barracks, residences, and baths. Water was supplied through aqueducts.

Albayzín, Grenada 

Albayzín, Grenada 

Albayzín, Grenada 

The Cave Houses of Sacro Monte, Grenada 

The Cave Houses of Sacro Monte, Grenada 

The Alhambra viewed from Albayzín , Grenada 

 

The Alhambra viewed from Albayzín , Grenada 

The Mosque of Grenada 

The Mosque of Grenada 

Gardens of The Mosque of Grenada 

Gardens of The Mosque of Grenada 

Gardens of The Mosque of Grenada with the Alhambra in the background

Albayzín

Albayzín.  The Restaurant is called Meson Porrona and below their sign hangs a picture of Michelle Obama when she visited there in 2010.

El Albayzín (also Albaicín or El Albaicín) is a district of Granada that retains the narrow winding streets of its Medieval Moorish past. It was declared a world heritage site in 1984, along with the more famous Alhambra.  It rises on a hill facing the Alhambra and many tourists journey into the Albayzin primarily for the spectacular views of the Alhambra from the viewing point by the church of San Nicolas.  Highlights within the area include the remains of an Arab bath complex, Granada's archaeological museum, and the church of San Salvador, built on the remains of a Moorish mosque. The Albayzin also contains some original Moorish houses and a wide-range of restaurants, including several streets whose eateries are inspired by North Africa.  

Alcázar

Alcázar


Alcázar

The Alcázar of Seville is a royal palace originally a Moorish fort.  It is the oldest royal palace still in use in Europe, and it was registered in 1987 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, along with the Seville Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies.  

The Almohades
were the first to build a palace, which was called Al-Muwarak, on the site of the modern day Alcázar.  The palace is one of the best remaining examples of mudéjar architecture. Subsequent monarchs have added their own additions to the Alcázar. The upper levels of the Alcázar are still used by the royal family as the official Seville residence and are administered by the Patrimonio Nacional.  

The Gold Tower
The Gold Tower
The Gold Tower

The Torre del Oro (English: "Gold Tower") is a dodecagonal (12 sides) military watchtower in Seville built by the Almohad dynasty in order to control access to Seville via the Guadalquivir river.  Constructed in the first third of the 13th century, the tower served as a prison during the Middle Ages.  Its name comes from the golden shine it projected on the river, due to its building materials (a mixture of mortar, lime and pressed hay).

The Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art

The Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art is an institution in Jerez de la Frontera devoted to conserving the ancestral abilities of the Andalusian horse, maintaining the classical traditions of Spanish baroque horsemanship, preparing horses and riders for international dressage competitions, and providing education in all aspects of horsemanship, coachdriving, blacksmithing, the care and breeding of horses, saddlery, and the manufacture and care of horse harness.  The Royal Andalusian School is a riding school comparable to the Spanish Riding School in Vienna, Austria.  Like the Spanish Riding School, the Royal Andalusian School is well known for its "dancing stallions" show.   The school is adjacent to the historic nineteenth-century Palacio de la Cadenas in Jerez.  Jerez became the focal point for the Andalusian horses because of a nearby Carthusian monastery where the monks bred horses into ideal specimens called Carthusian or Carujanos. This started when the King wanted to merge the quick Arab horses with the plodding bloodlines from the North to produce a one-size-fits-all steed. Some breeders resisted and gave their stock to the monks who went on to develop this graceful horse with a bony protrusion on its muzzle suggesting unicorns as ancestors.

Ronda

Ronda

The Ronda Bridge

The Bell Tower was originally a Minaret. Ronda
Ronda
 Ronda. The Spanish Inquisitions affected the Muslims living in Spain greatly. Shortly after 1492, when the last outpost of Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula, Grenada, was conquered, the Spanish decreed that all Muslims and Jews must either vacate the peninsula without their belongings or convert to Christianity. Many people overtly converted to keep their possessions, while secretly practiced their religion. Muslims who converted only overtly were called Moriscos. Moriscos were required to wear upon their caps and turbans a blue crescent, which brought upon them taunts and violence of a fanatical population. Traveling without a permit meant a death sentence. This systematic suppression forced the Muslims to seek refuge in mountainous regions of southern Andalusia; Ronda was one such refuge.

 

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